Friday, December 6, 2013

Impact of gardens globally

Depending on where you live eating healthy can be difficult. It could be due to the lack of money to buy healthy foods or the inability to grow them. In urban areas the lack of green space limits growing foods. However, there is an increasing trend of community gardens in urban areas. There is even one currently in West Lafayette by the Purdue airport (1). Gardening can be a great way to increase overall health. There is evidence to suggest that gardening can help relieve stress through decreased cortisol levels, improve symptoms of depression, provide physical activity, decrease dementia risk and of course provide nutritious foods (2).  People who grow food tend to eat more fruits and vegetables, resulting in a healthier diet. There are economic benefits to gardening including saving money that would have been spent on food that was not grown. One estimate determined that in Newark, New Jersey there is a $475 return on investment from a 720 square foot garden (3).
There are now more projects being started in the US to encourage gardens at elementary and middle schools to teach students how to grow their own food. It introduces students to the fruits and vegetables that are locally grown and teaches sustainable practices (4).  Studies have also shown that when students are involved with gardening they are more likely to choose healthier snacks and be more willing to try new foods (4, 2).
Having a well-balanced diet is hard to come by especially in developing countries. There is instability in the food market and food prices are becoming too high for people to manage. The UN Secretary General acknowledged that the increase in food price could impact the progress towards the Millennium Development Goals as well (5). When it comes to agricultural interventions, one of the most effective has been home gardens. It encourages an increase in diversity in what is consumed and has led to an increase in micronutrient consumption. Keyhole gardens are a specific type of home garden. When looked at from about the garden looks like a key hole. All that is need are bricks or stones, top soil, compost, straw or grass, wood ash, sticks, and string (6). The garden is made so that the center of the garden has the nutrients and moisture to feed the plants surrounding it and the gardens are usually six feet in diameter. The small sizes of the gardens make it ideal for areas with limited space. The elevated height can help elder or physically limited people to garden on their own. Not only do the gardens provide nutritious food, but also extra produce can become a source of income.
Other methods of gardening in developing countries includes bag gardening and trench gardening. Bag gardening is when a bag is filled with soil with a stack of stones in the center and slits are cut into the side of the bag. Small plants are planted in the slits and plants can also be planted on the top. It has an even smaller footprint than keyhole gardens but all fewer plants can be planted (7).  Trench gardens are channels about 20 inches deep that are filled with similar material to what is in a keyhole garden. Trench gardens are closer to the ground so involves more bending and kneeling but a wider varied of plants can be grown (5). Increasing gardens in developing countries should be an important focus of international efforts. Gardens provide increase micronutrients important for battling many diseases a well as malnourishment and can provide a source of income.

(4) Patel, I. C. (1991). Gardening’s socioeconomic impacts. Journal of Extension,29(4), 7-8.
(5) RomeroDaza, N., Himmelgreen, D. A., Noble, C. A., & Turkon, D. (2009). Dealing with the Global Food Crisis in Local Settings: Nonintensive Agriculture in Lesotho, Southern Africa. NAPA Bulletin, 32(1), 23-41.

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